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1.
Rev. Paul. Pediatr. (Ed. Port., Online) ; 39: e2020026, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1143854

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To develop and validate both the content and reliability of the Neonatal Nutritional Risk Screening Tool (FARNNeo). Methods: Methodological study, convergent care. The instrument was built prior to the literature review and was analyzed by eight judges, during three cycles of the Delphi technique. The judges assessed their relevance and clarity with responses on the Likert scale with three levels, in addition to suggestions. The validation of the instrument was calculated using the agreement rate and content validity index (CVI). After content validation, the instrument was applied by four assisting nutritionists to verify reliability, using Cronbach`s alpha coefficient and the agreement between the evaluators by the Kappa coefficient. Results: All items of the instrument`s content reached the minimum agreement rate (90%) and/or CVI (0.9), except for item three, which in the first cycle obtained CVI 0.77 and 40% of agreement and, in the second cycle, CVI 0.75 and 38% agreement. At the end of the third cycle, all items had CVI values above 0.9. In the instrument application, alpha of 0.96 and Kappa of 0.74 were obtained, which reflect adequate values of internal consistency and agreement between the evaluators. Conclusions: FARNNeo proved to be reliable, clear, relevant, and reproducible for tracking early nutritional risk, systematizing the care of Brazilian newborns admitted to an intensive care unit.


RESUMO Objetivo: Desenvolver e validar o conteúdo e a confiabilidade da Ferramenta de Avaliação do Risco Nutricional Neonatal (FARNNeo). Métodos: Estudo metodológico, convergente assistencial. O instrumento foi construído previamente à revisão da literatura e analisado por oito juízes, durante três ciclos da técnica Delphi. Os juízes avaliaram sua pertinência e clareza com respostas na escala Likert com três níveis, além de sugestões. A validação do instrumento foi calculada pela taxa de concordância e índice de validade de conteúdo (IVC). Após a validação do conteúdo, o instrumento foi aplicado por quatro nutricionistas assistenciais para verificar a fidedignidade, utilizando o coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach e a concordância entre os avaliadores pelo coeficiente Kappa. Resultados: Todos os itens do conteúdo do instrumento alcançaram o valor mínimo da taxa de concordância (90%) e/ou IVC (0,9), com exceção do item três, que no primeiro ciclo obteve IVC 0,77 e 40% de concordância e, no segundo ciclo, IVC 0,75 e 38% de concordância. No fim do terceiro ciclo, todos os itens obtiveram valores de IVC acima de 0,9. Na aplicação da ferramenta, obteve-se alfa de 0,96 e Kappa de 0,74, que refletem valores adequados de consistência interna e concordância entre os avaliadores. Conclusões: A FARNNeo mostrou-se confiável, clara, pertinente e reprodutível para rastreamento do risco nutricional precoce, sistematizando o atendimento de recém-nascidos brasileiros internados em centro de terapia intensiva.


Subject(s)
Infant Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Neonatal Screening/instrumentation , Brazil , Intensive Care, Neonatal , Reproducibility of Results , Delphi Technique , Gestational Age , Risk Assessment , Infant, Very Low Birth Weight , Infant, Extremely Premature
2.
Rev. saúde pública (Online) ; 54: 111, 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS, BBO, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1139485

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To analyze the nutritional situation of children under five years old from both urban and rural areas of Colombia. METHOD: Analytical study, based on cross-sectional data, collected from ENSIN-2015. The sample consisted of 12,256 children aged between 0 and 4 years old. We calculated the prevalence ratios (PR) with their respective 95% confidence interval (95%CI). PR were assessed by binomial regression models with malnutrition or overweight as the dependent variable and geographic area as the explanatory variable. We used context variables to adjust the estimated PR and control the confounder within. RESULTS: Acute malnutrition (weight-for-height) had a prevalence of 1.6%, while overweight had a 5.6% rate. No differences per geographic zone in the weight-for-height indicator were found. Stunted growth - chronic malnutrition - was higher in the rural area (PR = 1.2; 95%CI 1-1.53; p = 0.050). Prevalences adjusted by variables related to structural, social and economic developement showed that both the household chief's educational level and the food insecurity of the area account for malnutrition. CONCLUSION: The height-for-age indicator works better to establish development level. Measures against coverage, relevance and quality of education and access to food can harm the nutritional status of the children.


RESUMEN OBJETIVO: Analizar el estado de nutrición en menores de cinco años de áreas urbanas y rurales en Colombia. MÉTODOS: Estudio analítico, con base en datos de corte transversal, recolectados por la ENSIN-2015. La muestra fue de 12.256 niños colombianos entre cero y cuatro años. Se calcularon razones de prevalencia (RP) y sus respectivos intervalos al 95% de confianza (IC95%). Las RP se obtuvieron de modelos de regresión binomial con el déficit o el exceso, como la variable dependiente y la zona geográfica como la principal explicación. Variables del contexto se utilizaron para ajustar las RP estimadas y limpiar el efecto confusor de éstas. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de desnutrición aguda (peso/talla) fue de 1,6%, la de exceso de 5,6%. No existieron diferencias por zona geográfica, en el indicador (peso/talla). El retraso talla/edad - desnutrición crónica - fue mayor en la zona rural (RP = 1,2; IC95% 1,00-1,53; p = 0,050). Las prevalencias ajustadas por variables que dan cuenta del desarrollo estructural, social y económico, mostraron que la escolaridad del jefe y la inseguridad alimentaria del hogar explican la desnutrición. CONCLUSIONES: El indicador talla/edad es el mejor para establecer el nivel de desarrollo. Medidas contra la cobertura, pertinencia, calidad en la educación y el acceso a los alimentos impactarán negativamente el estado de nutrición en los niños.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology , Infant Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology , Nutritional Status , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Child Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Infant Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Colombia/epidemiology , Malnutrition/epidemiology
3.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 62(2): 137-144, jun. 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-710614

ABSTRACT

La desnutrición está condicionada por una serie de factores, entre ellos los dietéticos que comprenden apetito, conductas y hábitos alimentarios, lo que planteó el siguiente objetivo: describir los factores dietéticos y su relación con el apetito en niños menores de dos años con desnutrición leve. El estudio fue correlacional, la muestra quedo constituida por todos los niños menores de dos años (n=168) con diagnóstico de desnutrición leve primaria que asistieron a la consulta del Centro de Atención Nutricional Infantil Antímano, CANIA, durante el período 2000-2008. Los resultados señalaron: consumo de energía y macronutrientes inferior al requerimiento individual, consumo de hierro <85% del requerimiento según Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) en más del 50% de la niños; la frecuencia de consumo semanal para vegetales (57%) y misceláneos (66%) fue inadecuada; más del 60% tuvo un consumo inadecuado de fórmulas lácteas y leche completa, 9% recibió lactancia materna exclusiva durante los 6 primeros meses de vida; 64% no tuvo lugar fijo para alimentarse; en la interacción del niño con el cuidador durante las comidas más de la mitad de los niños se mostraron rebeldes y los cuidadores permisivos. La adecuación de proteínas, frecuencia de consumo de vegetales y leche completa, tipo de preparación, identificación de rechazos y preferencias, lugar y duración de las comidas, interacción del niño y del cuidador durante la alimentación tuvieron asociación significativa con el apetito; si se considera este ultimo como una guía y se actúa para modificar los hábitos y conductas inadecuadas se generaría un impacto sobre el apetito del niño que pudiera mejorar su ingesta de alimentos y prevenir la desnutrición.


Dietary factors and their relation to appetite in children under two years with mild malnutrition. Malnutrition is conditioned by a series of factors, among them the dietary factors, which include appetite, eating behaviors and habits. In order to assess these factors, the following objective was pursued: describe the dietary factors and their relation to appetite in children under two years of age with mild malnutrition. A correlational study was conducted. The sample consisted of all children under two years of age (n=168) diagnosed with primary (mild) malnutrition, who attended consultation at the Centro de Atención Nutricional Infantil Antímano, CANIA, during the period 2000 - 2008. The results showed: intake of energy and macronutrients was lower than the individual requirement; iron intake <85% of the requirement, in accordance with the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) in over 50% of the sample; weekly consumption of vegetables (57%) and miscellaneous (66%) was inadequate; inadequate intake of formula and whole milk in more than 60%; 9% were exclusively breastfed during the first six months; 64% lacked a regular eating place; in child-caregiver interaction during mealtimes, more than half of the children showed rebellious behavior and caregivers were permissive. Protein adequacy, vegetable and whole milk consumption frequency, preparation type, identification of refusals and preferences, place and duration of meals, and child-caregiver interaction at mealtimes were significantly associated with appetite; if we consider this last one as a guide and we try to modify inadequate eating behaviors and habits, we will generate an impact over the child appetite that could improve the food consumption and prevent malnutrition.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Appetite/physiology , Feeding Behavior/physiology , Infant Nutrition Disorders/physiopathology , Nutritional Requirements/physiology , Breast Feeding/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diet , Infant Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Nutrition Assessment , Vegetables
4.
Rev. GASTROHNUP ; 13(2): 77-79, mayo-ago. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-645096

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Valorar por medio de antropometría, a los niños que asisten a la Consulta Externa del Hospital Universitario del Valle “Evaristo García” (HUV) de Cali, Colombia por medio de los patrones de crecimiento infantil de la OMS entre el 1 de julio y el 31 de diciembre de 2010. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo observacional no experimental (N=214 niños), edad (E) entre los 0 meses y 17 años, que asistieron al HUV. Se dividieron en 3 grupos: 0 meses a 2 años; >2 años a 4 años y 11 meses, y 5 a 18 años. Se le realizó una historia clínica completa, peso (P), talla (T) y perímetro cefálico (PC) y diagnóstico de primera vez según sistema comprometido. Se aplicó el software Nutritional Statistical System (NSS)®, el cual utiliza como guía de referencia los patrones de crecimiento infantil de la OMS, teniendo como indicadores antropométricos para cada grupo de edad el P/E, el P/T, la T/E, el Índice de masa corporal (IMC), y el PC/E y PC/T. Se realizó su análisis estadístico como porcentajes, promedios, moda, me d i a , me diana y desviación estándar. Conclusiones: Todos los indicadores antropométricos utilizados estuvieron afectados con algún tipo de déficit nutricional, siendo el IMC el menos afectado con un 24,5% y el más afectado es el P/E con un 58,1%. En cuanto a los excesos nutricionales, se encontró que el sobrepeso y la obesidad presentan porcentajes de 17,3% y 3,1% respectivamente. Según los diagnósticos de primera vez, la anomalía con mayor porcentaje de tipo respiratorio con el 18,2%. El indicador PC se utilizó para correlacionarlo con la E, pero es aconsejable utilizarlo igualmente para la talla, lo que podría dar un mejor criterio de diagnóstico.


Objective: To assess through anthropometry, children attending the outpatient clinic of the Hospital Universitario del Valle "Evaristo Garcia" (HUV) Cali, Colombia through the Child Growth Standards WHO between July 1 and on December 31, 2010. Materials and Methods: Descriptive observational nonexperimental (N = 214 children), aged (A) 0 months to 17 years, who attended the HUV. They were divided into 3 groups: 0 months to 2 years; > 2 years to 4 years and 11 months, and 5 to 18 years. They underwent a complete medical history, weight (W), height (H) and head circumference (HC) and the first time as diagnosis of compromised system. Nutritional software was applied, which uses as a reference guide to childhood growth patterns by WHO, with the anthropometric indicators for each age group the W/A, W/H, H/A, BMI, and HC/A and HC/H. Statistical analysis was performed as percentages, averages, mode, mean, median and standard deviation. Conclusions: All anthropometric indicators used were affected with some type of nutritional deficiency, with a BMI less affected with 24.5% and the most affected is the W/A 58.1%. In terms of nutritional excesses, it was found that overweight and obesity have percentages of 17.3% and 3.1% respectively. According to the first diagnosis of the anomaly with the greatest percentage of respiratory type with 18.2%. The indicator HC was used to correlate with A, but it is advisable to use also for H, which could give a better diagnostic criteria.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Anthropometry/methods , Protein-Energy Malnutrition/classification , Protein-Energy Malnutrition/complications , Protein-Energy Malnutrition/diagnosis , Growth and Development , Body Mass Index , Obesity/classification , Obesity/diagnosis , Obesity/epidemiology , Referral and Consultation , Overweight/classification , Overweight/diagnosis , Overweight/epidemiology , Infant Nutrition Disorders/classification , Infant Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Infant Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology , Child Nutrition Disorders/classification , Child Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Child Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology
5.
Cuad. Hosp. Clín ; 54(1): 34-41, 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-779273

ABSTRACT

Pregunta de investigación: ¿Las intervenciones clínicas para el manejo de la desnutrición responden a las características dela desnutrición del menor de cinco años en Bolivia?Objetivo general: Determinar la magnitud, tipos de desnutrición y determinantes directas en menores de cinco años en la red Suroeste de la ciudad de La Paz y contrastar con la atención prestada a este grupo. Diseño: Estudio descriptivo Lugar: Red de Salud No 1 Suroeste Población: Menores de cinco años Métodos: Se realizó muestreo de acuerdo a la prevalencia de la desnutrición aguda, se aplicaron encuestas tanto a las madres de familia como al personal de salud, y se tomaron medidas antropométricas a todos los niños seleccionados. Para esta última actividad se procedió a la estandarización de los instrumentos y capacitación a los antropometristas. Resultados: Se estudiaron 457 niños menores de cinco años, 33% menores de 1 año, 44% entre 1 y <2 años y 23% de 2 a 5años. La desnutrición crónica fue la más frecuente (15%), seguida por la aguda que llega a 13%, y en menor proporción la desnutrición global (7,8%). Los puntos de corte considerados para la desnutrición crónica y la global son por debajo de la -2DE,y para la desnutrición aguda por debajo de la -1DE, el tramo por debajo de -1DE a -2DE representa al grupo en riesgo. Discusión: Según las madres, un 82,5% de los de los niños nacieron en un establecimiento de salud y un 98.6% refirieron darseno materno de manera exclusiva a menores de seis meses, todos los niños recibieron alimentación complementaria entre los6 y 9 meses, la mayoría recibió la alimentación con menor frecuencia a la recomendada y 52,7% en plato propio. La frecuencia de diarrea fue alta, llegando a 55,9 % en Cotahuma. El personal de salud no conocía ni utilizaba indicadores para identificar la desnutricion aguda y crónica, que a la fecha del estudio no formaban parte de las normas, verificándo se que no existían protocolos para el manejo de...


Research question: Do clinical interventions for managing malnutrition respond to the characteristics of malnutrition in children less than 5 years old in Bolivia? General aim: To determine the magnitude, types of malnutrition and direct determinants in children less than 5 years old in the South West network of the city of La Paz and to check with the attention given to this group. Study design: Descriptive Location: Health network No. 1 South West Population: Children less than 5 years old Methods: Samples were taken according to the prevalence of acute malnutrition. Surveys were taken from the mothers as well as from the health personnel, and anthropometric measurements were taken in all selected children. For this last activity the instruments were standardized and the measuring personnel were trained. Results: We studied 457 children less than 5 years old, 33% of these were less than one year old, 44% between 1 and <2 years, and 23% between 2 and 5 years. Chronic malnutrition is the most frequent type of malnutrition (15%), followed by acute malnutrition that reaches 13%, and to a lesser degree global malnutrition (7.8%). The cut-off points considered for chronic and global malnutrition are below the -2SD, and for acute malnutrition below the -1SD the section below the -1SD to -2SD represents the risk group. Discussion: The frequency of diarrhea is high, reaching 55.9% in Cotahuma. The health personnel had no knowledge and did not use indicators for identifying acute and chronic malnutrition. These indicators were not part of the norms at the time of our study. It was seen that among the direct determinants, breast feeding and complementary alimentation require more promotion. There exists discrepancy between the most frequent types of malnutrition in the South West network and the management of malnutrition offered in the health establishments. Acute diarrhea is the...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Malnutrition/epidemiology , Local Health Systems/organization & administration , Child Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Infant Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Bolivia/epidemiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Weight by Age/physiology , Child Nutrition Disorders/therapy , Infant Nutrition Disorders/therapy
6.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-20524

ABSTRACT

Exclusive breast-feeding is recommended up to 6 months of age with all its beneficial effects on child survival. Several studies have concluded that adequate intake of vitamin D cannot be met with human milk as the sole source of vitamin D. As breast-feeding rates increase, the incidence of vitamin D deficiency rickets is also expected to rise. One of the potential sources of vitamin D synthesis is in the skin from the ultraviolet rays of sunlight. Risk factors for developing vitamin D deficiency and rickets include low maternal levels of vitamin D, indoor confinement during the day, living at higher altitudes, living in urban areas with tall buildings, air pollution, darker skin pigmentation, use of sunscreen and covering much or all of the body when outside. In a study of 50 cases of hypocalcaemia reported from an urban tertiary care children's hospital in Chennai, 13 exclusively breast-fed infants presented with hypocalcaemia due to vitamin D deficiency and most of them with seizures. None of them had received vitamin D supplementation and all their mothers had biochemical evidence for vitamin D deficiency. This review discusses the rising incidence of vitamin D deficiency in infancy and the need to consider and implement methods to prevent the same by supplementation and increased exposure to sunlight without the hazards of ultraviolet rays on the skin. Further research to define the magnitude of vitamin D deficiency in exclusively breast-fed infants as a public health and paediatric problem and to recommend programmes to prevent the same are of utmost importance.


Subject(s)
Breast Feeding/epidemiology , Humans , Incidence , India/epidemiology , Infant , Infant Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Prevalence , Rickets/diagnosis , Risk Factors , Vitamin D Deficiency/diagnosis
7.
Indian Pediatr ; 2007 Dec; 44(12): 897-901
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-9008

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine Vitamin D status of mother-newborn diads at birth and of their exclusively breastfed (EBF) infants at 3 months. DESIGN: Longitudinal study. METHODS: Exclusively breastfed infants born at term with birth weight > 2.5 kg to normal, healthy mothers followed till 3 months. Serum calcium, phosphorous, heat labile alkaline phosphatase (HLAP) and 25(OH)D estimated in 42 mother / cord blood diads and in 35 (EBF) infants followed up at 3 months. Twenty five (OH)D < 15 ng/mL was considered low and 15 to 25 ng/mL low to normal. RESULTS: Ca, P, HLAP were significantly higher in cord blood (P < 0.001) but mean 25 (OH)D, 19.36 ng/mL was comparable to maternal level of 22.9 ng/mL (r = 0.82, P < 0.001). At 3 months only HLAP was significantly higher compared to cord blood. Higher 25 (OH)D at 3 months correlated with higher 25 (OH)D values in cord blood (r = +0.616, P < 0.001) as well as higher antenatal maternal levels (r = + 0.552, P < 0.001). Serum 25 (OH)D values < 25 ng/mL was observed in 50 % mothers, 62 % cord blood specimens and 80 % infants at 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: Subnormal maternal vitamin D status is associated with vitamin D deficiency in newborns and persists in exclusively breastfed infants.


Subject(s)
Breast Feeding , Humans , India/epidemiology , Infant , Infant Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Infant, Newborn , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Vitamin D , Vitamin D Deficiency/diagnosis
8.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 44(4): 345-349, out.-dez. 2007. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-476190

ABSTRACT

RACIONAL: A desnutrição é achado freqüente em adultos com cirrose, mas a prevalência de risco nutricional e de desnutrição é pouco conhecida em pacientes pediátricos. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a ocorrência de risco nutricional e desnutrição em pacientes pediátricos com cirrose atendidos regularmente no Setor de Gastroenterologia Pediátrica do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, RS. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 42 crianças e adolescentes cirróticos com idades entre 3 meses e 18 anos. O estado nutricional foi determinado por escores Z de peso para idade, estatura para idade, índice de massa corporal e percentis para a prega cutânea tricipital e circunferência muscular do braço. Consideraram-se pacientes em risco nutricional aqueles com escore <-1,28 Z, correspondente ao percentil <10, e desnutridos aqueles com escore <-2,0 Z, correspondente ao percentil <3. Segundo o critério de Child-Pugh, 22 pacientes foram classificados como A (leve intensidade), 15 como B (moderada) e 5 como C (grave). RESULTADOS: As médias e desvios-padrão dos escores Z de peso para idade, estatura para idade e índice de massa corporal foram respectivamente - 0,38 ± 1,4 DP, - 0,83 ± 1,16 DP e 0,17 ± 1,3 DP. A prega cutânea tricipital e a circunferência muscular do braço apresentaram medianas no percentil 25. Encontraram-se em risco nutricional 3/42 pacientes (peso para a idade), 8/42 (estatura para idade), 12/37 (prega cutânea tricipital), 9/37 (circunferência muscular do baço) e 2/38 (índice de massa corporal); desnutridos 6/42 (peso para a idade), 7/42 (estatura para idade), 4/37(prega cutânea tricipital) e 4/37(circunferência muscular do braço) e 3/38 (índice de massa corporal). CONCLUSÃO: Os índices antropométricos mais comprometidos foram a relação estatura para idade e a prega cutânea tricipital. Ocorreu uma prevalência de 32,4 por cento de risco nutricional determinado pela prega cutânea tricipital e 16,7 por cento de desnutrição pela relação...


BACKGROUND: The malnutrition is a frequent finding in adults with cirrhosis, but the prevalence of nutritional risk and malnutrition is little known in pediatric patients. AIM: To evaluate through anthropometry the presence of nutritional risk and malnutrition in cirrhotic pediatric patients regularly attended at the Pediatric Gastroenterology Service of "Hospital de Clínicas" of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 42 cirrhotic children and adolescents aged between 3 months and 18 years. The nutritional evaluation was made by the determination of the weight/age, height/age, body mass index and triceps skinfold thickness and arm muscle circumference measurements. Patients considered in nutritional risk were < -1,28 Z score which corresponds to <10th percentile, and those under -2,0 Z and <3th percentile were in malnutrition status. According to Child-Pugh criteria, 22 patients were classified as A (mild severity), 15 (moderate) B and 5 C (intense). RESULTS: The mean weight/age, height/age and body mass index Z scores were, respectively, - 0,38 ± 1,4 SD, - 0,83 ± 1,16 SD and 0,17 ± 1,3 SD. Patients in nutritional risk were 3/42 (weight/age), 8/42 (height/age), 12/37 (triceps skinfold thickness), 9/37 (arm muscle circumference), 2/38 (body mass index); in malnutrition status were 6/42 (weight/age), 7/42 (height/age), 4/37 (triceps skinfold thickness) and 4/37 (arm muscle circumference) and 3/38 (body mass index). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of nutritional risk was 32.4 percent and chronic malnutrition was 16.7 percent. The index which better reflected the nutritional risk in these patients was triceps skinfold thickness. Chronic malnutrition status occurrence was greater in the height/age index.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Liver Cirrhosis/complications , Malnutrition/etiology , Body Weights and Measures , Cross-Sectional Studies , Child Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Child Nutrition Disorders/etiology , Infant Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Infant Nutrition Disorders/etiology , Malnutrition/diagnosis , Nutritional Status , Risk Assessment , Severity of Illness Index
9.
Cad. saúde pública ; 22(11): 2311-2318, nov. 2006.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-435824

ABSTRACT

The present study aimed to identify and measure the relationship between malnutrition and psychosocial care in the second year of life. A case-control study compared 101 malnourished 12-23-month-old children (weight-for-age < 5th percentile, WHO/NCHS) to 200 well-nourished children (weight-for-age > 25th percentile) for exposure to various maternal behaviors related to psychosocial care. A psychosocial care score was constructed, based on the number of desirable maternal behaviors that were absent (the higher the score, the worse the quality of childcare). The association was modified by per capita family income. After adjusting for possible confounders, children from higher-income households showed no association between psychosocial care and malnutrition. For children from lower-income households, worse psychosocial care doubled the risk of malnutrition (OR = 7.26; 95 percentCI: 2.42-21.82) compared to low income alone (OR = 3.08; 95 percentCI: 1.28-7.42).


O objetivo do estudo foi identificar e medir a presença de associação entre cuidado psicossocial e desnutrição. Realizou-se estudo caso-controle incluindo 101 crianças desnutridas (peso/idade < percentil 5 do padrão NCHS/OMS), com idades entre 12 e 23 meses, que foram comparadas a 200 controles eutróficos (peso/ idade > percentil 25) em termos de sua exposição a uma série de comportamentos maternos indicadores da qualidade de seu cuidado psicossocial. Criou-se um escore de cuidado psicossocial, variando de 0 a 14, de acordo com o número de comportamentos maternos desejáveis não observados: quanto maior o escore, pior a qualidade do cuidado psicossocial. Mediante análise de regressão logística verificou-se maior risco de desnutrição para as crianças no 2° e 3° tercis do escore de cuidado psicossocial. Esta associação foi modificada pela renda per capita. Após ajustes para possíveis confundidores, nas crianças dos estratos superiores de renda não houve associação entre cuidado psicossocial e desnutrição. Para as crianças com nível mais baixo de renda, pior cuidado psicossocial dobrou o risco de desnutrição (OR = 7,26; IC95 por cento: 2,42-21,82) em relação àquele associado apenas à baixa renda (OR = 3,08; IC95 por cento: 1,28-7,42).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Brazil , Infant Welfare/psychology , Infant Care , Nutritional Status , Psychosocial Deprivation , Infant Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Case-Control Studies , Child Development , Logistic Models
10.
São Paulo med. j ; 123(6): 277-281, Nov.-Dec. 2005. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-420119

ABSTRACT

CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Em pacientes com câncer, a desnutrição tem múltiplas causas. Medidas antropométricas de peso e estatura são o método mais utilizado para avaliação do estado nutricional. Infelizmente, esse método é limitado em pacientes com câncer, pois o peso inclui o tumor e a relação peso/estatura não leva em conta alterações específicas de tecido magro. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar diferenças entre medidas antropométricas e de composição corporal em crianças e adolescentes com câncer. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo de corte transversal realizado no Instituto de Oncologia Pediátrica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo — Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Crianças e adolescentes com câncer com idade acima de um ano foram avaliadas de março de 1998 a janeiro de 2000. Medidas antropométricas tradicionais foram coletadas no primeiro mês de tratamento oncológico (terapia de indução) por meio do escore-z de peso para estatura (P/E) nas crianças e índice de massa corpórea (IMC) nos adolescentes. A avaliação da composição corporal foi composta por medidas de prega cutânea triciptal (PCT), circunferência do braço (CB) e circunferência muscular do braço (CMB). Os dados foram analisados comparando-se as prevalências de desnutrição entre os métodos de avaliação nutricional. O teste do qui-quadrado e o grau de associação foram usados para comparar as taxas entre portadores de tumores sólidos e hematológicos. RESULTADOS: 139 pacientes foram avaliados, 127 tinham dados completos para análise. O estudo demonstrou maior percentual de déficit nos portadores de doenças sólidas não-hematológicas pelo P/E ou IMC, CB, e CMB. A análise global também sugere que a PCT (40%) e a CB (35%) demonstraram maior percentual de déficit quando comparadas ao escore-z de P/E ou IMC (19%). CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes com tumores sólidos apresentaram maior prevalência de desnutrição. As medidas de composição corporal por meio da PCT e CB detectaram mais pacientes desnutridos do que o P/E e o IMC.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Body Mass Index , Neoplasms/complications , Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Nutritional Status/physiology , Skinfold Thickness , Arm , Body Size , Brazil/epidemiology , Chi-Square Distribution , Child Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Child Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology , Child Nutrition Disorders/etiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Hematologic Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Infant Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Infant Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology , Infant Nutrition Disorders/etiology , Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology , Nutrition Disorders/etiology , Nutritional Status/radiation effects , Prevalence
11.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-109706

ABSTRACT

Malnutrition is an important Public Health problem globally as well as in India. Mortality is a multi-causal phenomenon in which malnutrition is but one factor directly or indirectly contributing 55% mortality of children under-five years of age. Authors observed higher prevalence of severe degree of Malnutrition in the underserved section of population with specific reference to girl child, under 3 years of age, where there were large number of children in the family, repeated infections and Measles. Growth monitoring Services in the ICDS scheme meant only weight recording and was not at all satisfactory. Even the majority of the Anganwadi workers (AWW) stated that it meant monthly weight recording of children while only few knew it is in addition plotting these on growth charts and advising mothers if growth was not proper. Around 60% of caregivers did not know about growth monitoring. The concept of growth monitoring should be changed to Growth surveillance to emphasize more on the action components of it.


Subject(s)
Age Factors , Body Size , Caregivers , Child Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , India/epidemiology , Infant , Infant Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Infant, Newborn , Male , Nutrition Surveys , Sentinel Surveillance , Sex Factors , Socioeconomic Factors
13.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 131(9): 1031-1036, sept. 2003.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-356009

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The nutritional impact of CONIN nutritional recovery centers must be evaluated, considering the current epidemiological situation in Chile and the new therapeutic focus giving more emphasis to ambulatory treatment. AIM: To analyze the nutritional status of children treated at traditional CONIN centers, the reason for their admission and the factors associated with changes of weight for age index during the hospitalization. PATIENTS AND METHODS: During the year 2000, the records of 561 patients discharged from the traditional CONIN centers throughout the country were retrospectively analyzed. The changes in weight and height during admission and the possible factors influencing these changes, were determined. RESULTS: The average lapse of stay was 3.9 months; 78 per cent of children had concomitant diseases at admission and 18.7 per cent required to be admitted in a general hospital. One third was admitted with normal weight or even overweight according to the weight for age index, and 31.1 per cent was undernourished. During admission in CONIN, the number of undernourished patients was reduced by 50 per cent, while the proportion of children with normal nutritional status increased by 15 per cent (p < 0.001). On admission, 7.8 per cent of children had a low height for age, evidencing a chronic undernutrition. This figure did not change on discharge. The increase of weight/age and weight/height was substantially higher in children with a greater initial deficit (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Admission to a CONIN center had a low nutritional impact, and a high risk of a lengthy stay. The most favorable impact could be appreciated in children that were effectively undernourished. Admissions are motivated mainly by social issues, over and above nutritional problems.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Nutritional Status , Length of Stay , Infant Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Patient Admission , Nutrition Assessment , Retrospective Studies
14.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 128(1): 105-10, ene. 2000.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-258095

ABSTRACT

The prevalence of obesity among children and teenagers is increasing by 1.5 percent per year, probably due to a higher consumption of highly caloric foods and to physical inactivity. Hypercholesterolemia, increased insulin levels and high blood pressure of childhood obesity, precede atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, diabetes and hypertension in adulthood. The prevention of childhood obesity is an efficient strategy to decrease the prevalence of non transmissible chronic diseases in the adult. The recommendations of experts committees for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of childhood obesity are reviewed. They aim at a change in dietary habits and increasing physical activity. A well balanced healthy diet and a decrease in physical inactivity time will result in a successful treatment approach for obesity


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Obesity/prevention & control , Infant Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Infant Nutrition Disorders/therapy , Obesity/diagnosis , Obesity/therapy , Metabolic Diseases/diagnosis , Metabolic Diseases/therapy , Child Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Child Nutrition Disorders/therapy
15.
Acta bioquím. clín. latinoam ; 33(4): 415-27, dic. 1999. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-258505

ABSTRACT

Los parámetros bioquímicos reúnen ventajas comparativas respecto a las observaciones clínicas, antropométricas y encuestas alimentarias ya que, debido a su característica de responder a alguna alteración medible y directamente relacionada al estado nutricional, se comportan como indicadores funcionales. Si una serie de indicadores funcionales se combinan en forma adecuada, constituyen una verdadera radiografía metabólica del momento en que se realiza el estudio y proporcionan perfiles nutricionales que permiten identificar a los individuos en situación de riesgo. Se detallan parámetros que permiten detectar tempranamente deficiencias globales o específicas, a fin de poder establecer una terapia racional basada en un diagnóstico certero


Subject(s)
Humans , Albumins , Avitaminosis/diagnosis , Blood Urea Nitrogen , Creatinine , Hydroxyproline , Infant Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Biomarkers/blood , Minerals , Nutrition Assessment , Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Child Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Fat Soluble Vitamins , Biomarkers/urine , Minerals/blood , Nutrition Disorders/immunology , Sensitivity and Specificity , Vitamins/urine , Weight by Height
16.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 56(3): 149-56, mar. 1999. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-266208

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Con base en el modelo de Creencias en Salud, se llevó a cabo un estudio para conocer la influencia que tienen sobre la diversidad de la dieta algunas características de personalidad y estimaciones de riesgo que presentan las madres en el cuidado de niños de 1 a 6 años. Material y métodos. Doscientas diez familias de la zona rural del estado de Sonora, México, fueron evaluadas en sus hogares utilizando instrumentos validados y confiabilizados en muestras de poblaciones indepedientes a las de este estudio utilizando el modelo conceptual de atributolatente. Como características de personalidad se midieron los estilos de autoridad, estado anímico y estrés de la crianza y las estimaciones de riesgo fueron evaluadas a través de indicadores tales como: susceptibilidad, amenaza y control percibido. Resultados. Los resultados indican que lo niños cuyo peso para la talla fue menor a la primera desviación estándar, presentaron a la diversidad en el consumo de energía como única variable, mientras que para los niños cuyo peso se sitúa por arriba de la primera desviación estándar, tienen en la diversidad de la dieta algunas características conductuales y estimaciones de riesgo que presentan las madres con niños de 1 a 6 años. La variable que lo explica fue la diversidad en el consumo de frituras. En ambos casos las variables predictoras fueron el estilo de autoridad y las estimaciones de riesgo. El estrés de la crianza aparece como variable importante en preescolares para diversidad total. Conclusión. Aún cuando los valores del coeficiente de determinación son bajos, los datos pueden ser útiles en la orientación programática de actividades encaminadas a establecer dietas variadas en la población


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adult , Feeding Behavior , Infant Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Infant Nutrition Disorders/psychology , Diet Fads/adverse effects , Mothers/psychology , Perception , Personality , Health Education , Rural Population , Weight by Height
17.
Col. med. estado Táchira ; 6(2): 41-52, nov. 1997.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-259277

ABSTRACT

En los últimos años en Venezuela, al igual que en otros países de América Latina se han observado de nuevo en los hospitales las formas graves de desnutrición, que formaban parte de la historia nutricional pasada del país, en la primera mitad de este siglo, esto motivó la realización del presente trabajo a fin de conocer el diagnóstico del estado nutricional en los niños hospitalizados en le Servicio de Pediatría en el Hospital Central de San Cristobal durante el quinquenio 1991-1995 con los pacientes que ingresaron por cualquier causa, escogiendo una muestra representativa al azar del 10 por ciento encontrádose al igual que el resto del mundo un subregistro importante del estado nutricional de la población estudiada. Ante todo esto se impondría la necesidad de concientizar al médico para realizar e incluir dentro de la historia clínica este diagnóstico; de esta manera se tomarían las medidas dietoterapéuticas adecuadas que disminuyen el riesgo de las evoluciones, reducir costos y la estancia hospitalaria


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Infant , Dietetics , Infant Nutrition Disorders/classification , Infant Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Nutritional Sciences , Child Nutrition Disorders/classification , Child Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Venezuela
18.
Arch. venez. pueric. pediatr ; 60(3): 107-11, jul.-sept. 1997. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-230711

ABSTRACT

Se estudió el perímetro cefálico en 89 niños con desnutrición moderada y grave en edades comprendidas entre 0 y 2 años; ingresados al Hospital "J.M. de los Ríos" en el período enero-septiembre 1994. Se relacionó la circunferencia cefálica con la edad, sexo, estraficación socioeconómica motivo de ingreso, grado de desnutrición, tipo de desnutrición clínica, talla y formula de Boyd. El perímetro cefálico en niños con desnutrición proteínico energética es mucho menor en comparación con los patrones de referencia para una población normal (p<0.001). El perímetro cefálico se encuentra afectado en niños mayores de 18 meses (P<0.001,odds:2.8). El cálculo del perímetro cefálico según la fómula de Boyd se correlaciona con la medida de la circunferencia cefálica, con un coeficiente de correlación positivo de 0.9(P0.0001)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Cerebrum/growth & development , Protein-Energy Malnutrition/diagnosis , Infant Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Microcephaly/pathology , Nervous System/injuries
19.
Acta pediátr. Méx ; 17(5): 245-8, sept.-oct. 1996. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-184176

ABSTRACT

Para evaluar la efectividad de los cambios en la alimentación durante la recuperación nutricional, estudiamos 13 pacientes que habían sido hospitalizados por desnutrición grave en el Servicio de Nutrición del Instituto Nacional de Pediatría en la Ciudad de México. Las concentraciones séricas de retinol se determinaron por cromatografía líquida de alta resolución (CLAR). Las muestras de sangre fueron colectadas inicialmente durante la desnutrición severa y posteriormente cuando los pacientes alcanzaron su recuperación nutricional. Hubo marcado incremento de los niveles de vitamina A en la mayoría de los pacientes. Las concentraciones basales de retinol sérico fueron más bajas (antes de los cambios en la alimentación) al ser hospitalizados, comparados con los niveles de los mismos pacientes, una vez que alcanzaron la recuperación nutricional (0.329ñ0.146µg/mL respectivamente, p=0.02). Estos hallazgos indican la presencia de hipovitaminosis A subclínica durante la desnutrición grave, y la recuperación bioquímica solamente cuando se hicieron cambios en la alimentación como parte del tratamiento de la desnutrición en le hospital


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Infant Nutrition Disorders/diet therapy , Vitamin A Deficiency/diagnosis , Vitamin A Deficiency/diet therapy , Vitamin A/blood
20.
Acta bioquím. clín. latinoam ; 30(2): 141-9, jun. 1996. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-177474

ABSTRACT

Se estudiaron retrospectivamente 310 pacientes de ambos sexos entre 0 y 55 años separados en grupos por edades, quienes concurrieron espontáneamente a este servicio a realizarse exámenes de laboratorio. Sobre esta población se determinó inmunoglobulina A en muestra de saliva obtenida en ayunas, sin estímulo previo, por el método de inmunodifusión radial cuantitativa IDRC, procedimiento al alcance de cualquier Laboratorio Clínico. Se estudiaron los histogramas de distribución reportando los siguientes valores de IgA (s) según las edades. Entre 0-1 año el 70,8 por ciento presentaban valores entre 5-15 mg/dl, con un 2,44 por ciento con valor no detectable por la metodología utilizada. Entre 1-5 años el 66,3 por ciento presentaba valores entre 5-15 mg/dl; el 4,35 por ciento del mismo grupo reportaba valores no detectables. Entre 5-12 años el 76,6 por ciento se ubicaba entre 5-20 mg/dl, con un 4,69 por ciento con valor no detectable. En tanto que en la población adulta el 81,9 por ciento de los casos se ubicaba en el rango entre 10-30 mg/dl, con el 1,39 por ciento con valor no detectable, similar a lo que ocurre en la población adolescente: 12-18 años, donde el 75,6 por ciento se encontraba precisamente en el rango de 10-30 mg/dl, con un 2,44 por ciento de muestras con valores no detectables por el método de referencia. Se observó que el 3,06 por ciento de la población en general presentaba valores no detectables por la metodología empleada, con una prevalencia del 80 por ciento en sexo masculino y un 20 por ciento en el femenino. Se estableció la necesidad de calcular los valores de referencia propios para la zona donde se vive, teniendo en cuenta la variación según los métodos, procedimientos y forma de interpretarlos. Finalmente se plantea el interrogante de utilizar la medición como modo de detectar déficit nutricionales existentes


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Diarrhea, Infantile/immunology , Immunoglobulin alpha-Chains , Infant Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Nutrition Assessment , Nutritional Status/immunology , Reference Values , Respiratory Tract Infections/immunology , Saliva/immunology , Child Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Enterocolitis/immunology
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